Translation of "Actual inflation" in German

Distortions between perceived and actual inflation may have played a role.

The Czech Republic is the only country where perceived inflation is lower than actual inflation.

And gold is following the fall in actual and expected inflation.

Inflation expectations play a major role in the actual path of inflation.

That confidence has now dissipated: inflation expectations have caught up with the actual inflation rate of 4%.

Subsequently, inflation perceptions dropped sharply while actual inflation moderated.

Several explanations exist for the discrepancy between actual and perceived inflation.

Then the prices are so high, in comparison, that the actual inflation becomes visible.

The actual annual inflation rate for 2015 to date (January to September) is only 0.3%.

During those historical episodes , actual inflation rose considerably in both economies , triggering heightened inflation expectations among investors .

Also to be noted is the discrepancy between the « felt » inflation and the actual , statistically measured inflation .

In Japan, the expected inflation rate, however it is measured, tends to track the actual inflation rate, albeit with some lag.

This seems mainly to reflect the fact that , compared with previous oil price shocks , actual and expected inflation have remained rather stable this time .

This would involve raising the target to a level in line with the actual inflation rate observed in the post-crisis period – a level that the public would perceive as realistic, honest, and credible.

A Google Ngrams search of books shows that use of the term “inflation-targeting” began growing exponentially in the early 1990s, when the target was typically far below actual inflation.

Until mid-2013, perceived inflation in Latvia had been steadily declining from its peak in spring 2011, closely mirroring actual inflation developments.

The Governing Council took this decision in a situation in which most indicators of actual and expected inflation in the euro area had drifted towards their historical lows.

Inflation perceptions usually move closely together with HICP inflation in Estonia, but perceptions appear to have risen faster than actual inflation in the second half of 2010 (see graph below).

Actual and expected inflation expectations continue to fall short of the definition of price stability set by the ECB (understood as inflation below but close to 2% over the medium term).

But the previously strong correlation between the two series (0.9 in the period 2004-2007) weakened somewhat in 2008 (to 0.67), when the acceleration of actual inflation in 2008 was accompanied by a stronger jump in inflation perceptions.

For each year in the reference period, the difference between the determined costs expressed in nominal terms prior to the reference period and the determined costs adjusted on the basis of the difference between the actual inflation recorded by the Commission in the Eurostat Harmonised Index of Consumer Price as published in April of year n and the inflation assumption as specified in the performance plan for the year preceding the reference period and for each year of the reference period, shall be carried over in year n+2 for the calculation of the unit rate.

For each year in the reference period, the difference between the determined costs expressed in nominal terms prior to the reference period and the determined costs adjusted on the basis of the actual inflation recorded by the Commission (Eurostat) for the year shall be carried over no later than in the year n+2.

In July, the EESC will adopt an opinion examining more specifically the reasons for the difference between perceived inflation and actual inflation.