Translation of "Nucleophilic attack" in German

The nucleophilic attack of a thiolate or S-protected thiolate yields the thiol or the protected thiol.

A polyesterpolyamide is obtained from this structure by nucleophilic attack with polyols.

The nucleophilic attack of the pyrophosphate ion leads to the formation of the cyclic trimetaphosphate alkyl intermediate (W. Feldmann;

The potential for nucleophilic attack proposed in the literature (by Barbaud et al, 2009) is consistent with the mechanism proposed by in silico analysis, and may explain the reported lack of cross-reactivity between tetrazepam and other benzodiazepines in patients with cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions.

The substitution of all electronegative substituents in trichloroacetonitrile by nucleophilic attack of alkoxide anions produces orthocarbonic acid esters in high yield.

It should be noted that preservation of the functional groups from the Z'-R--X monomers (which groups are susceptible to nucleophilic attack) in or on the surface the latex particles will be the more difficult the more hydrophilic the composition of the latex particles is.

In this case it is advantageous to use the base in an equivalent amount relative to the hydroxyimide VI in order to anticipate a nucleophilic attack of the hydroxyl ions on the carbonyl function of the imide group.

The term "basic sterically hindered lithium compounds" means any conventional organolithium compounds which have steric hindrance on the basic group (in order to avoid nucleophilic attack on the group-OR4) and which are derived from organic compounds with pKa values of at least about 9, preferably at least about 11.

The nucleophilic attack of the amino group of the compounds of the formula (III) on the halogenated position of the halogeno(hetero)aryl compounds of the formula (II), which was to be expected as a side reaction, is not apparent to a substantial extent.

The surface of the gel may contain groups, such as halogens (preferably chlorine, bromine), —NH 2, —OH, etc., which produce a positive (electrophilic) center where a nucleophilic attack, i.e., a nucleophilic substitution, by X of the specified coupling agents may take place.

Preferred alkenyls are those having a terminal double bond, since the polyethylene waxes resulting from such aldehydes can be readily derivatized further at the end of the molecule, for example by epoxidation followed by nucleophilic attack or by addition reactions to the double bond.

In this case, it is advantageous to use the base in an equivalent amount, based on the hydroximide VI, in order to avoid nucleophilic attack by the hydroxyl ions on the carbonyl function of the imide group.

In this case, it is advantageous to use the base in equivalent amounts, based on the hydroximide X, in order to avoid a nucleophilic attack by the hydroxyl ions on the carbonyl function of the imido group.

With this type of crosslinker, crosslinking generally occurs through a condensation reaction (e.g., by elimination of water, amine, alcohol, or formaldehyde) or through an addition reaction (e.g., by nucleophilic attack on an epoxy or masked isocyanate group).

In a further process, the glycidoxypropyl group produced on the surface by silanization is reacted through nucleophilic attack of an --SH, NH2 or --OH group, for example from a side-chain of a peptide, at a pH-value between 8 and 10 (phosphate buffer).

This is indicative of the fact that a nucleophilic attack of the alcohol's oxygen atom on the carboxylic acid's (green frame) carbonyl carbon has occurred and that the alcoholic proton has subsequently been cleft off during the mechanism.

There are two main classes of suitable catalysts for the isocyanate addition reaction: firstly tertiary amines (such as tri-N,N-dimethylaminomethyl phenol or 1,4-diazabicyclo(2,2,2)octane, also referred to as triethylene diamine), which through abstraction of the hydroxyl hydrogen atom and formation of alcoholate anions activate the alcohols and thus accelerate their nucleophilic attack on the isocyanate carbon atom, and secondly a series of metalorganic compounds, which as Lewis acids increase the electrophilia of the isocyanate hydrogen atom.

There are two main classes of suitable catalysts for the isocyanate addition reaction: firstly tertiary amines (such as tri-N,N-dimethylaminomethyl phenol or 1,4-diazabicyclo(2,2,2)octane, also referred to as triethylene diamine), which through abstraction of the hydroxyl hydrogen atom and formation of alcoholate aniones activate the alcohols and thus accelerate their nucleophilic attack on the isocyanate carbon atom, and secondly a series of metalorganic compounds, which as Lewis acids increase the electrophilia of the isocyanate hydrogen atom.

In the reaction, then, as in the case of the oxazoline polymerization that takes place beforehand, the activated carbon atom, located in beta-position to the nitrogen atom of the terminal oxazoline ring still present, is subjected to nucleophilic attack.

2-alkyl-substituted quaternary imidazolium salts, imidazolidinium salts and benzimidazolium salts are particularly advantageous cations in ionic liquids, since they are less CH-acidic and, thus, more stable against a nucleophilic attack than the corresponding 2-H-imidazolium salts, which, as is known, are obtainable through carbenes.

The synthetic strategy mostly used for the chemical preparation of nucleoside triphosphates is based on the nucleophilic attack of a pyrophosphate salt on an activated nucleoside monophosphate (M. Yoshikawa, T. Kato, T. Takenishi;

The non-reactivity of most carboxylic acid esters relative to alkaline earth metal-containing metal hydrides is remarkable insofar as, in particular in the case of salt-like hydrides, actually a nucleophilic attack of the hydride on the carbonyl carbon atom of the ester group(s) would be expected.